Objective To evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of reconstruction of mandibular condyle by transport distraction osteogenesis in an animal model of rhesus monkeys. Methods Six adult rhesus monkeys were used in this study. Bilateral condyles and articular discs were extirpated, and the technique of transport distraction osteogenesis was performed to reconstruct the condyle. X- ray and CT scanning films were taken at various intervals. Two monkeys selected at random were sacrificed respectively at 4, 12 and 24 weeks after completion of distraction, and the newly formed condyles resulted from bony transport disc were harvested and processed for histologic examination. The removed condyles at surgery were used as normal control and prepared in the same manner. Results Open bite was seen in all animals postoperatively, and disappeared at the end of distraction. The shape and appearance of the bony transport disc was similar to original condyles at sacrifice. The articular cavity was filled with fibrous connective tissue and considerable cartilage cells were observed in the surface of the condyle stump. Bone regeneration was perfect in the distraction gap. Conclusion A neocondyle with functional shape can be created by transport distraction osteogenesis, which suggested that this technique might be an alternative method in reconstruction of the condyle.
