Objective To study the influence of themochemotheraphy on the expression of HSP70 in maxillofacial squamous cell carcinoma.Methods 12 patients were treated with themochemotheraphy twice a week,altogether 10 times.After 8 mg of Pingyangmycin infused, the patients were treated with microwave hyperthermia at 43℃for 40 min.The part of carcinoma tissue was removed with surgical operations at before treatment and aftre five times of treatment. The expression ofHSP70 in tumor cells was determined by SP immunohitochemcial method.Results The expression of HSP70 in tumor cells was enhanced obviously by thermochemotherapy.Conclusion Special high expression of HSP70 in the tumor cells was induced by thermochemotherapy. With the antigen presenting action and other action,HSP70 have special antitumor effect.