较小半径溢洪弯道急流超高的研究
Water Surface Superelevation in Sharp Open-channel Bends
作者：吴宇峰(四川大学 水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川 成都 610065)；伍超(四川大学 水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川 成都 610065)；李静(四川大学 水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川 成都 610065)
Author：(State Key Lab. of Hydraulics and Mountain River Eng., Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065，China)；(State Key Lab. of Hydraulics and Mountain River Eng., Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065，China)；(State Key Lab. of Hydraulics and Mountain River Eng., Sichuan Univ., Chengdu 610065，China)
收稿日期：2005-10-13 年卷（期）页码：2006,38(6):38-42
期刊名称：工程科学与技术
Journal Name：Advanced Engineering Sciences
关键字：水力学；急流；水流超高；较小半径弯道
Key words：hydraulics; rapid flow; water surface superelevation; sharp open-channel bends
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（50479061）；教育部博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目（20020610016）
中文摘要
为了探求急流弯道的超高及其相关的影响因素,通过对较小半径弯道急流的水流现象的描述，指出较小半径弯道凹岸水流受惯性离心力和冲击力的共同作用。在此基础上，利用动量原理，推导出了较小半径弯道水流超高公式，与试验资料对比，该理论的合理性得到了证实。还讨论了弯道水流各因素同超高的关系，结果表明，弯道的超高和宽度几乎成正比，弯道的转角影响超高很大，当弯道半径越小，其超高将增加越快。
英文摘要
This paper deals with the water surface superelevation in sharp open-channel bends. The regime of rapid flow in sharp open-channel bends is described, which shows that the flow near concave bank in sharp open-channel bends is subjected to centrifugal force and impact force. Based on this regime and momentum equation of the flow, the formula for calculating the surface superelevation of rapid flow in sharp open channel bends is derived. The reasonability of the theory is verified with experimental data. On basis of the formula, the relutionship between surface superelevation and relevant factors is discussed. The results show that the water surface superelevation is approximately linear with channel width and is closely related to bend angle and radius.
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