Using a large amount of construction waste, which was generated by Wenchuan earthquake, to produce recycled concrete blocks, is an important approach to utilize construction waste as resources. Based on the application of recycled concrete blocks in the earthquake hit area, for reconstruction of villages and towns, the structural performance of recycled concrete block masonry was discussed. Under low frequency cyclic loading test of recycled concrete block load bearing walls and the full scale model shaking table test of recycled concrete block masonry house, the seismic performance of recycled concrete block masonry was studied. Combining with two demonstration projects in the earthquake hit area reconstruction, the design of recycled concrete block masonry structure was also studied.