论当代美国合同法的古典复兴思潮及其启示——以司法判例为视角
The Revival of Classicalism in Contemporary American Contract Law——A Case Study of Judicial Precedents
作者:陈融;
Author:
收稿日期: 年卷(期)页码:2012,(04):-139-146
期刊名称:四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
Journal Name:Journal of Sichuan University (Social Science Edition)
关键字:美国当代合同法;古典主义;复兴
Key words:
基金项目:教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“美国合同法的成长——传统、超越与创新”(10YJC820011);;
上海市教育委员会科研创新重点项目“比较法视野下的美国合同法史研究”(12zs041)
中文摘要
美国合同法在近年来的大量司法判决中出现了古典主义的复兴,即新古典法学趋势。合同成立受到更严格限制,法官对合同约定的解释趋于概念化,默示义务与默示善意条款的作用受到压制,抽象合同自由原则再次成为合同约束力的权威源泉。从法律演进角度看,当代法律的古典复兴反映了法的继承性规律,古典合同法本身蕴含的历史价值以及现实主义法学的忧虑是古典复兴的重要原因。同时,古典法学思潮的复兴在本质上体现了法律思维方法和法律价值取向的时代变迁。
参考文献
①有美国学者把1800年至1875年期间称为美国法的“合同法时代”或古典合同法时期。See Kevin M.Teeven,A History of the Anglo-American Common Law of Contract,New York:Greenwood Press,1990,p.179.另,英国合同法学家阿提亚(P.S.Atiyah)认为古典合同法的全盛时期是19世纪中上叶。参见P.S.Atiyah著:《合同法导论》,赵旭东等译,北京:法律出版社,2002年,第14页。
②Oliver Wendell Holmes,The Common Law,New Brunswick:Transaction,2005,pp.235-236.
③Samuel Williston,Walter H.E.Jaeger,A Treatise on the Law of Contracts,New York:Baker,Voorhis&CO.,1957,pp.176-177.
①Burkett v.Morales 626 P.2d 147(Ariz.Ct.App.1981).
②Heinzel v.Backstrom,779 P.2d 1037,1040(Or.Ct.App.1989).
③See Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of Law,Springfield,MA:Merriam–Webster,Incorporated,1996,p.103.
④Genest v.John Glenn Corp.,696 P.2d 1058(Or.1985).
①Malmstrom v.Kaiser Aluminum&Chemical Corp.,231 Cal.Rptr.820(Cal.Ct.App.1986).
②Banco do Brasil v.Latian Inc.,285 Cal.Rptr.870(Cal.Ct.App.1991),cert.denied,504 U.S.986(1992).
③Western Pioneer,Inc.v.Harbor Enterprises Inc.,818 P.2d 654(Alaska 1991).
④Lindey’s,Inc.v.Professional Consultants,Inc.,797 P.2d 920(Mont.1990).
⑤California’s Pacific Gas&Electric Co.v.G.W.Thomas Drayage&Rigging Co.,442 P.2d 641(Cal.1968).
⑥Arthur L.Corbin,“The Interpretation of Words and the Parol Evidence Rule,”50 Cornell L.Q.(1965).P.161,pp.188-189.
⑦Bank of the West v.Superior Court,833 P.2d 545(Cal.1992).
⑧Ralph James Mooney,“The New Conceptualism in Contract Law,”74 Or.L,Rev.(1995),p.1131.
①Clark v.St.Paul Property&Liability Insurance Co.,639 P.2d 454(Idaho 1981).
②Olson v.GAF Corp.,630 P.2d 921(Or.Ct.App.),rev.denied,634 P.2d 1347(Or.1981).
③Earthmovers of Fairbanks,Inc.v.Pacific Insurance Co.,614 P.2d 781(Alaska 1980).
④Alaska Sales&Service,In.v.Millet 735 P.2d 743(Alaska 1987).
⑤美国《合同法重述》第二版205条:“每一合同对各方当事人施加了在合同的履行及实施阶段的善意及公平交易的义务。”另参见,Eric G.Andersen,“Good Faith in the Enforcement of Contracts,”73 Iowa L.Rev.(1988),p.299.
①Forley v.Interactive Data Corp.,765 P.2d 373(Cal.1988).
②Story v.City of Bozeman,791 P.2d 767(Mont.1990).
③Ralph James Mooney,“The New Conceptualism in Contract Law,”74 Or.L,Rev.1131(1995).
④United States Bank v.Boge,814 P.2d 1082(Or.1991).
⑤Grocers Ass'n v.Bank of America National Trust&Saving Ass'n 27 Cal.Rptr.2d 396(Cal.Ct.App.1994).
⑥Ralph James Mooney,“The New Conceptualism in Contract Law,”74 Or.L,Rev.1131(1995).
⑦Samuel Williston,“Freedom of Contract,”6 Cornell L.Q.(1921).p.374.
⑧Keating v.Superior Court,645 P.2d 1192(Cal.1982).
⑨Parr v.Superior Court,188 Cal.Rptr.801(Cal.Ct.App.1983).
Dean Witter Reynolds,Inc.v.Byrd,470 U.S.213(1985).
①Lee v.Sun Valley,Co.695 P.2d 361,362(Idaho 1984).
②636 P.2d 492(Wash.Ct.App.1981);Contradt v.Four Star Promotions,Inc.,728 P.2d 617(Wash.Ct.App.1986).
③Trunkl v.Regents of the University of California,32 Cal.Rptr.33(Cal.1963).
④Porter v.Farmers Insurance Co.of Idaho,627 P.2d 311(Idaho 1981).
⑤State Farm General Insurance Co.v.Emerson,687 P.2d 1139(Wash.1984).
⑥American Nursery Products,Inc.v.Indian Wells Orchards,797 P.2d 477(Wash.1990).
⑦Clements Farms,Inc.v.Ben Fish&Son,814 P.2d 917(Idaho 1991).
⑧Uniform Commercial Code,2001official text.§1-201(b)(10).
①Grant Gilmore,The Death of Contract,Columbus:Ohio State University Press,1995,p.112.
②C.Langdell,A Selection of Cases On the Law of Contracts,Boston,1871.Recited from Gilmore,The Death of Contract,p.13.
③Robert A.Hillman,“Questioning the New Consensus on Promissory Estoppel:An Empirical and Theoretical Study,”Columbia Law Review,1998,pp.580-588.
④Duncan Kennedy,“Toward an Historical Understanding of Legal Consciousness:The Case of Classical Legal Thought in America(1850-1940),”3 Res.L.&Soc.3,1980,p.13.
①伯纳德.施瓦茨:《美国法律史》,王军等译,北京:中国政法大学出版社,1990年,第301页。
②赫伯特.斯坦:《美国总统经济史》,金清等译,长春:吉林人民出版社,1997年,第3页。
【关闭】