WTO报复制度中的仲裁
The Arbitration of the Retaliation System under WTO
作者：杜玉琼;
Author：
收稿日期： 年卷（期）页码：2011,(01):-132-138
期刊名称：四川大学学报(哲学社会科学版)
Journal Name：Journal of Sichuan University (Social Science Edition）
关键字：WTO/GATT争端解决机制;报复制度;仲裁
Key words：
基金项目：
中文摘要
报复制度是WTO最后的贸易救济手段,报复程度的高低关系到WTO争端解决机制的信誉和救济力度。在决定报复程度时,仲裁程序、仲裁应遵循的规则、仲裁裁决的目的以及仲裁员的职责、方法等问题在报复措施裁定中起着至关重要的作用。
参考文献
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①DSU第22条“补偿和中止减让”中关于提起报复的条件、原则、程序等方面的规定,再加上其他一些相关规定,构成了一套较为完善的WTO报复机制。
②Working Party Report.Netherlands Action Under Article XXIII:2,L/61(Nov.7,1952).http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/gattdocs_e.htm
③Minutes of Meeting,Sept.21,1988,at16-20,GATTDoc.C/M/224(Oct.17,1988).http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/gattdocs_e.htm.
④GATT第19条关于“保障措施”的规定和第28条关于“重新谈判减让表”的规定,均规定了“撤销大致相等的减让”原则。
⑤May 4,1988,at 35,GATTDoc.C/M/220(June 8,1988).
①WT/DS27/ARB/ECU(Mar.24,2000),available at http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/docs_e.htm
②WT/DS26/ARB,July 12 1999.
③DSU第22条第7款。
④(美国/加拿大)仲裁报告”,参见:WTO(1999a,paras 9-11);“欧盟——香蕉案(厄瓜多尔)仲裁报告”,参见:paras 37-38.http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/gattdocs_e.htm.
⑤厄瓜多尔获准对欧共体实施交叉报复;加勒比国家安提瓜获准对美国进行交叉报复;巴西申请对美国实施交叉报复。
①欧盟香蕉案仲裁裁决WT/DS27/ARB/ECU(Mar.24,2000).http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/docs_e.htm
②例如在美国与厄瓜多尔等与欧盟的香蕉案中,美国不是香蕉的主要生产国和出口国,于是它选择对欧盟的床单、床罩、羊绒衫、奶酪等产品停止相当于1.914亿美元的暂停关税减让并付诸实施,而厄瓜多尔同样作为胜诉方,也被授权在GATT项下、GATS项下以及TRIPS项下的2.016亿美元的关税减让,然而它却没有实施。
③“欧盟——美国牛肉激素案仲裁报告”(WTO 1999b).
④GATT1994第18条A节规定,发展中成员可以未经货物贸易理事会同意,与有关成员进行减让修改谈判;在未达成协议的情况下,不论货物贸易理事会认为其提供的补偿合理与否,它均可以实施修改或撤销某项关税减让。
⑤Decision by the Arbitrator,United States——Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act of2000-Original Complaintby Brazil-Recourse to Arbitration by the United States Under Article 22.6 of the DSU,WT/DS217/ARB/BRA(Aug.31,2004,P.3,70).
①The report of the Arbitrator in the case of the EU-Banana(US),WTO(1999a,para.6.12)and WTO(2000a).
②EC-Hormones(US/Canada)(Article 22.6)paras 9-11;EC-Bananas(Ecuador)(Article 22.6)paras 37(38;US-1916 Act(EC)(Article 22.6)paras 3.2-3.6.
③DSU第22条第6款。
④Decision by the Arbitrators,European Communities——Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products(Hormones)-Original Complaint by the United States-Recourse to Arbitration by the European Communities Under Article 22.6 of the DSU,WT/DS26/ARB(July 12,1999)P.19.http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/docs_e.htm
⑤Decision by the Arbitrator,United States-Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act of2000——Original Complaintby Brazil-Recourse to Arbitration by the United States Under Article 22.6 of the DSU,WT/DS217/ARB/BRA P.3,1.
⑥Decision by the Arbitrators,European Communities-Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products(Hormones)-Original Complaint by Canada-Recourse to Arbitration by the European Communities Under Article 22.6 of the DSU,WT/DS48/ARB(July 12,1999).http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/docs_e.htm.
⑦EC-Bananas III(US)(Article 22.6)paras 6.12.
①Dispute Settlement Body Minutes of Meeting,Apr.19,1999,at 1-2,WT/DSB/M/59(June 3,1999).http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/docs_e.htm.
①Dispute Settlement Body Minutes of Meeting,Nov.24-26,2004,P 73,WT/DSB/M/178(Jan.17,2005)ht-tp://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/docs_e.htm.
②TN/DS/W42,24 January 2003.
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