γδ T cell is a subgroup of T cells. T cell receptor (TCR) on its surface consists of the gamma chain and delta chain. It does not need to bind to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and does not need to present antigen presenting cells (APC), and it can recognize and bind antigen molecules directly. Some γδ T cells exert a powerful killing effect on tumor cells through various mechanisms, inhibiting tumor growth and preventing tumor proliferation. Due to its considerable anti-tumor effect, the adoptive immunocytotherapy with the application of γδ T cells has become a hot research topic in the treatment of various hematologic malignancies. γδ T cells have shown strong cytotoxic activity in a variety of solid tumor cellsin vitroandin vivo,showing an obvious therapeutic advantage. However, studies on the treatment of hematologic malignancies are still poor, and the efficacy and safety of these cells in the treatment of hematologic malignancies need to be further verified. This article will review the basic research on the relationship between the γδ T cells and hematologic malignancies and the research status of the γδ T cells in the adoptive immunocytotherapy of hematologic malignancies.
