Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common complication after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Clinical manifestations of patients with CMV infection after allo-HSCT mainly include pneumonia, gastrointestinal inflammation, encephalitis, hepatitis, retinitis, asymptomatic CMV viremia and so on. Furthermore, CMV infection can affect immune function of patients, which increases the chance of bacterial, fungal infection, as well as the risk of graft versus host disease (GVHD) and bone marrow failure. In recent years, the incidence of CMV infection has decreased due to the prophylactic use of antiviral drugs after allo-HSCT. However, the emergence of multi-drug resistance and recurrent/refractory CMV infection still seriously affect the prognosis of patients after allo-HSCT. This article discusses the risk factors, detection and diagnosis methods, prevention and treatment of CMV infection following allo-HSCT, in order to provide new thoughts for the prevention and therapy of CMV infection following allo-HSCT.
