Precursor B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) is a common hematological malignancy in children. Although effective treatment has been available, the prognosis is poor and long-term survival rate is still extremely low in children with relapsed or refractory BCP-ALL. BCP-ALL has been classified into 6 subtypes by traditional genetic methods, but there is still 20%-30% of the BCP-ALL children without known molecular features. As the development of modern high-resolution genetic testing technique such as whole-genome, breakthroughs has been made in new cytogenetic subtypes of BCP-ALL, which is conducive to more accurate risk stratification and the discovery of targeted lesions, and explore precision treatment methods for clinical practice. This paper reviews the research progress of genetic characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of new genetic subtypes of BCP-ALL, B-other acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) subtypes not classified, and newly discovered therapy-related subtypes.
