Therapeutic hemapheresis is a clinical therapeutic technology which refers to collection of patients′ blood, separation, removal or replacement of pathological components through setting up blood cell separator procedures, and return normal blood components and supplement replacement solutions at the same time, to remove or reduce the pathological components, in order to achieve clinical or auxiliary treatment for patients. Because this technology has the advantages of reliable effect, well safety, simple operation, etc., it is widely used in the clinical treatment of patients with refractory and severe diseases. TheExpert consensus on Therapeutic Hemapheresis Standards(Second Edition), which is based on the first edition ofExpert consensus on Therapeutic Hemapheresis Standardshas been revised and improved through 2 years of clinical practice of editors. The definition of therapeutic hemapheresis technology is more standardized and detailed on the indications, technical solutions, adverse reactions and complications, and the relative contraindications in theExpert consensus on Therapeutic Hemapheresis Standards(Second Edition), which provides standardized guidance for the technology development in clinical treatment, and reference for clinicians in the process of using the technology to treat related diseases.